In the present day’s tutorial will present you the best way to create a Python backend dapp that makes use of Solana API endpoints from Moralis. You’ll have the ability to get native, fungible, and NFT balances and portfolios by pockets addresses. You’ll additionally discover ways to get NFT metadata and token costs. Due to Moralis’ Solana Python API, you may, for instance, fetch pockets balances with the next code snippet:
@app.submit("/getWalletbalance")
def getWalletbalance():
physique = request.json
params = {
"deal with": physique["address"],
"community": physique["network"]
}
outcome = sol_api.account.stability(
api_key= moralis_api_key,
params = params
)
return outcome
The traces of code for the opposite 5 endpoints are fairly related. Primarily, they only exchange “getWalletbalance” and “sol_api.account.stability“. So, do you wish to discover ways to work with Moralis’ Solana Python API and implement the above traces of code, together with the opposite 5 Solana API endpoints? In that case, be certain to create your free Moralis account and comply with our lead!
Overview
The core of at present’s article will probably be our Solana Python API tutorial. By following our steps, you’ll study to finish the preliminary setup and implement all present Moralis Solana APIs. By cloning our current frontend dapp, additionally, you will have the ability to take a look at the backend functionalities. Since we have already got a NodeJS backend dapp that covers the identical six endpoints, this tutorial additionally demonstrates the best way to simply transition from NodeJS to Python. So, if you wish to discover ways to use the Solana API in Python, roll up your sleeves and comply with our steps.
The sections under the tutorial embody the theoretical points of at present’s subject. That is the place you may study what Solana and Python are and uncover extra particulars about Moralis’ Solana Python API and the way Moralis can additional elevate your Web3 improvement sport on Solana and different widespread programmable chains. In any case, the endpoints you’ll implement by finishing at present’s tutorial are only a small a part of what Moralis affords.
Solana Python API Tutorial
As talked about above, we are going to use the frontend we created as a part of our Solana JavaScript improvement. Which means we are going to merely exchange our NodeJS backend with Python with out affecting the frontend.
So, right here is our easy frontend enabling you to make the most of the facility of the Solana API endpoints. In fact, the precise performance will depend on the backend that we are going to give attention to herein. Here’s a screenshot of our frontend dapp:
Notice: Should you’re interested by exploring the code behind the frontend dapp, use the video on the high, beginning at 1:05. Plus, you may entry the whole frontend script – “index.html” – on GitHub. In truth, with the intention to take a look at the backend that you just’re about to construct utilizing Python, we encourage you to clone our frontend.
Earlier than we present you the best way to use the Solana Python API, you will need to full the mandatory setups. That mentioned, the next part focuses particularly on at present’s instance venture; in case you want to make use of extra common “Python and Web3” setup directions, be certain to make use of our Web3 Python documentation web page.
Python Backend Setup
It is best to have already got a “frontend” folder inside your “Solana API demo” venture that accommodates the above-mentioned “index.html” script. Should you determined to clone our NodeJS backend, you might need a “backend” folder there as properly. That is what we’re beginning with:
Our first step is to create a “python-backend” folder. We do that by coming into the next command into our terminal:
mkdir python-backend
Then, we “cd” into this new folder:
cd python-backend
Subsequent, we create a brand new digital setting for putting in and utilizing Python modules. We do that with the command under:
Python3 -m venv venv
Earlier than we are able to use the digital setting, we additionally must activate it:
For that objective, we run the next command:
supply venv/bin/activate
Then, we additionally want to put in Flask, Flask CORS, Moralis, and Python “dotenv” modules:
pip set up flask flask_cors moralis python-dotenv
As soon as the above modules are put in, our digital setting is prepared for use. As such, we are able to proceed with establishing the setting variables. That is the place we’ll retailer the Moralis Web3 API key, which is the important thing to accessing the facility of Moralis’ Solana Python API. So, in case you haven’t created your Moralis account but, be certain to take action now. Then, you’ll have the ability to copy your Web3 API key out of your admin space in two clicks:
When you have your NodeJS backend recordsdata in the identical venture, you may merely copy the “.env” file from there and paste it into your “python-backend” folder. In any other case, create a brand new “.env” file. Inside that file, it’s good to have the “MORALIS_API_KEY” variable that holds the above-obtained API key as a worth.
Now that now we have our digital setting prepared, we are able to give attention to implementing Solana Python API endpoints.
The right way to Use the Solana API in Python
To implement the Solana Python API endpoints, we have to create a brand new “index.py” file inside our “python-backend” folder. On the high of that script, we import the above-installed packages:
from flask import Flask, request from flask_cors import CORS from moralis import sol_api from dotenv import dotenv_values
Subsequent, we have to guarantee this script obtains our Web3 API key from the “.env” file:
config = dotenv_values(".env")
moralis_api_key = config.get("MORALIS_API_KEY")
We outline a variable “app” utilizing Flask within the following line, and we additionally embody “CORS” in that variable:
app = Flask(__name__) CORS(app)
We wish our backend dapp to run on port 9000 (the identical as our NodeJS backend). That approach, we don’t want to switch the URL in our frontend. So, we add the next code snippet on the backside of our script:
if __name__ == "__main__": app.run(debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=9000)
With the above traces of code in place, we are able to begin implementing Moralis’ Solana API endpoints:
- Stability API endpoints:
- Get native stability by pockets
- Get token stability by pockets
- Get portfolio by pockets
- Token API endpoints:
- NFT API endpoints:
- Get NFTs by pockets
- Get NFT metadata
As a substitute of ranging from scratch, you may all the time copy code snippets for every endpoint from the API reference pages contained in the Moralis documentation. Right here’s an instance:
Implementing Solana Python API Endpoints
In our “index.py” script, slightly below the “CORS(app)” line, we have to outline routes and capabilities for every endpoint. Beginning with the “get native stability by pockets” endpoint, the traces of code within the intro do the trick.
With “@app.submit(“/getWalletbalance”)“, we create a brand new route in Python. Then, we use “def getWalletbalance():” to outline the perform for this endpoint. Contained in the perform, we learn the JSON information with “physique = request.json“. Subsequent, we outline the endpoint’s parameter (all Moralis Solana API endpoints solely require the “deal with” and “community” parameters). Then, we use the “sol_api.account.stability” methodology on our parameters and Web3 API key and retailer its information below the “outcome” variable. Lastly, we return outcomes by returning the “outcome” variable. Once more, listed here are the traces of code for the “getWalletbalance” endpoint:
@app.submit("/getWalletbalance")
def getWalletbalance():
physique = request.json
params = {
"deal with": physique["address"],
"community": physique["network"]
}
outcome = sol_api.account.stability(
api_key= moralis_api_key,
params = params
)
return outcome
Different endpoints comply with the very same rules; we solely want to vary the routes, perform names, and strategies accordingly. Under are the snippets of code for the remaining 5 Solana Python API endpoints.
- The traces of code for the “getTokenbalance” endpoint:
@app.submit("/getTokenbalance")
def getTokenbalance():
physique = request.json
params = {
"deal with": physique["address"],
"community": physique["network"]
}
outcome = sol_api.account.get_spl(
api_key= moralis_api_key,
params = params
)
return outcome
- The traces of code for the “getNfts” endpoint:
@app.submit("/getNfts")
def getNfts():
physique = request.json
params = {
"deal with": physique["address"],
"community": physique["network"]
}
outcome = sol_api.account.get_nfts(
api_key= moralis_api_key,
params = params
)
return outcome
- The traces of code for the “getPortfolio” endpoint:
@app.submit("/getPortfolio")
def getPortfolio():
physique = request.json
params = {
"deal with": physique["address"],
"community": physique["network"]
}
outcome = sol_api.account.get_portfolio(
api_key= moralis_api_key,
params = params
)
return outcome
- The traces of code for the “getNFTMetadata” endpoint:
@app.submit("/getNFTMetadata")
def getNFTMetadata():
physique = request.json
params = {
"deal with": physique["address"],
"community": physique["network"]
}
outcome = sol_api.nft.get_nft_metadata(
api_key= moralis_api_key,
params = params
)
return outcome
- The traces of code for the “getTokenPrice” endpoint:
@app.submit("/getTokenPrice")
def getTokenPrice():
physique = request.json
params = {
"deal with": physique["address"],
"community": physique["network"]
}
outcome = sol_api.token.get_token_price(
api_key= moralis_api_key,
params = params
)
return outcome
Notice: You possibly can entry the whole “index.py” script in our GitHub repo.
Testing Our Python Backend
Whereas contained in the “python-backend” folder, we use our terminal to run the “index.py” script with the next command:
Python3 index.py
This begins our backend on port 9000. Subsequent, we have to begin our frontend. We do that with the “Stay Server” extension in Visible Studio Code (VSC) by right-clicking our “index.html” script within the file tree:
Then, we use our frontend dapp by coming into the required values, choosing the community sort, and hitting the set off button. Listed below are two examples:
- The “Get Native Stability by Pockets” function:
- The “Get Token Stability by Pockets” function:
In fact, the opposite 4 options work in the identical method.
Exploring Solana, Python, and the Main Web3 API Supplier
The next sections are for these of you who’re new to Solana or Python programming. These sections merely clarify what Solana and Python are, and as soon as you realize the fundamentals, you may additional discover how Moralis can help in your Solana programming endeavors.
What’s Solana?
Solana is a public and open-source programmable blockchain that helps sensible contracts. The latter are known as “packages” on Solana. By way of these on-chain packages, Solana additionally helps the creation of fungible and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and all types of dapps (decentralized functions). In case you are aware of Ethereum or another programmable chain, you in all probability know that they normally preserve native cash. Solana is not any exception with its native coin, “SOL”. The SOL asset primarily offers community safety through Solana’s hybrid DeFi staking consensus. SOL can also be the foreign money used to cowl transaction charges on Solana and may function a method to switch worth on the Solana chain.
Anatoly Yakovenko and Raj Gokal are the 2 main builders who launched Solana again in 2017. Each Yakovenko and Gokal are nonetheless considerably concerned with Solana Labs – a expertise firm that builds merchandise, instruments, and reference implementations to additional broaden the Solana ecosystem.
In case you are interested by studying extra in regards to the Solana community, learn one in every of our previous articles that dive deeper into the “what’s Solana?” subject.
What’s Python?
Python is a well-liked object-oriented, high-level programming language bellowed by quite a few builders. In any case, it has a moderately lengthy historical past – it’s been on the display screen since 1991. Plus, there are a lot of resemblances between Python and different programming languages, corresponding to Ruby, Scheme, Perl, and Java. Python was designed by the developer Guido van Rossum, who sought to make it as simple as potential. Those that know and use Python declare it’s moderately simple to get began with, simple to study, and simple to make use of. Furthermore, in line with “python.org“, this programming language allows you to work shortly and combine techniques extra successfully.
In comparison with JavaScript, which continues to be the most well-liked programming language, Python has fewer customers. Nevertheless, it’s among the many high programming languages and is discovering its approach into Web3 improvement as properly. Other than Solana dapps, you may as well use Python for Ethereum improvement and all different EVM-compatible chains.
Solana Python API by Moralis
Should you took on at present’s tutorial, you had an opportunity to study in regards to the present Moralis Solana API endpoints. You even had a possibility to implement them utilizing the Solana Python API – the instrument that allows you to develop dapps on Solana utilizing Python. As such, you now know the best way to fetch NFT metadata, pockets portfolios, token balances, SPL token costs, and extra. As such, you need to use this superb instrument to create killer dapps. As an illustration, you may construct NFT marketplaces, token value feeds, portfolio apps, and even Web3 video games. Moralis additionally helps each the Solana mainnet and Solana devnet. The latter allows you to take a look at your dapps earlier than taking them stay.
There’s one other useful gizmo you need to use when creating decentralized functions – Moralis’ Web3 Auth API. The latter allows you to implement Web3 signups and logins on Solana and plenty of different blockchains. So, apart from the Solana Python API, Moralis allows you to use Python to create dapps on all main blockchains. If you give attention to Ethereum and EVM-compatible chains, you may as well hearken to sensible contracts and real-time pockets occasions with the Moralis Streams API. This additional expands the vary of functionalities you may cowl along with your dapps.
Should you’d wish to discover different improvement matters and comply with alongside in different step-by-step tutorials, be certain to take a look at the best way to “create ERC20 token” and get Goerli ETH. Or, discover the best way to simply calculate gwei to ether utilizing an already-developed calculator!
Solana Python API – The right way to Use the Solana API in Python – Abstract
Solana is among the hottest non-EVM-compatible blockchains. On the identical time, Python continues to achieve reputation amongst Web3 builders. With that in thoughts, understanding the best way to profit from a dependable Solana Python API could make all of the distinction when growing dapps. Due to at present’s tutorial, you realize that to start out working with this highly effective API instrument, you solely want a free Moralis account.
In case you are critical about Solana improvement, you must also know the best way to reply the “what’s a Solana pockets?” query. In time, you’ll additionally wish to discover Solana sensible contract constructing. Nevertheless, you can begin by taking a look at some Solana sensible contract examples. In any case, the correct of verified contract is among the important Solana NFT mint instruments and arguably the simplest technique to create NFTs.
Whether or not you wish to give attention to constructing dapps on Solana or another main blockchain, Moralis has your again. You should utilize JS, Python, or many different Moralis SDKs to hitch the Web3 revolution. Plus, Moralis’ YouTube channel and crypto weblog may help you change into a Web3 developer without spending a dime.
Nevertheless, chances are you’ll be interested by taking a extra skilled strategy to your blockchain improvement. In that case, you need to think about enrolling in Moralis Academy. There, you’ll get to attend many pro-grade programs, such because the “Solana Programming 101” course!
